programmable interrupt controller การใช้

• Newer x86 systems integrate an Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller ( APIC ) that conforms to the Intel APIC Architecture.
• There are many programmable interrupt controllers that provide dedicated input capture pins and a programmable counter along with it.
• In computing, Intel's "'Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller "'( APIC ) is a family of interrupt controllers.
• For example, responding to an interrupt is quite different on a machine with an Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller ( APIC ) than on one without.
• As its name suggests, the APIC is more advanced than Intel's 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller ( PIC ), particularly enabling the construction of multiprocessor systems.
• The first 32 vectors are reserved for the processor's internal exceptions, and hardware interrupts may be mapped to any of the vectors by way of a programmable interrupt controller.
• Newer motherboards include additional counters through the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ( ACPI ), a counter on the Local Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller ( Local APIC ), and a High Precision Event Timer.
• An "'End Of Interrupt "'( "'EOI "') is a signal sent to a Programmable Interrupt Controller ( PIC ) to indicate the completion of interrupt processing for a given interrupt.
• Various system registers, such as the programmable interrupt controller, and the video controller, had to be emulated in software for the DOS process, and a watchdog timer was implemented to recover from DOS programs that would clear the interrupt flag and then hang for too long.
• If implemented in hardware, an interrupt controller circuit such as the IBM PC's Programmable Interrupt Controller ( PIC ) may be connected between the interrupting device and the processor's interrupt pin to multiplex several sources of interrupt onto the one or two CPU lines typically available.
• In computing, a "'programmable interrupt controller "'( "'PIC "') is a device that is used to combine several sources of interrupt onto one or more CPU lines, while allowing priority levels to be assigned to its interrupt outputs.
• Since the SMM code ( SMI handler ) is installed by the system firmware ( BIOS ), the OS and the SMM code may have expectations about hardware settings that are incompatible, such as different ideas of how the Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller ( APIC ) should be set up.
• Compared to these the programmable interrupt controller of the Intel CPUs ( 8086 . . 80586 ) generates a very large latency and the Windows operating system is neither a real-time operating system nor does it allow a program to take over the CPU completely and use its own Java Real Time.
• The original system chips were one Intel 8259 programmable interrupt controller ( PIC ) ( at I / O address ), one Intel 8237 direct memory access ( DMA ) controller ( at I / O address ), and an Intel 8253 programmable interval timer ( PIT ) ( at I / O address ).
• On IBM PC compatible computers that use the Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller ( APIC ), IPI signalling is often performed using the APIC . When a CPU wishes to send an interrupt to another CPU, it stores the interrupt vector and the identifier of the target's local APIC in the Interrupt Command Register ( ICR ) of its own local APIC . A message is then sent via the APIC bus to the target's local APIC, which therefore issues a corresponding interrupt to its own CPU.